Low-carb diets have been controversial for decades.
Some people assert that these diets raise cholesterol and cause heart disease due to their high fat content.
However, in most scientific studies, low-carb diets prove their worth as healthy and beneficial.
Here are 10 proven health benefits of low-carb and ketogenic diets.
1. Low-Carb Diets Reduce Your Appetite
Hunger tends to be the worst side effect of dieting.
It is one of the main reasons why many people feel miserable and eventually give up.
However, low-carb eating leads to an automatic reduction in appetite (1Trusted Source).
Studies consistently show that when people cut carbs and eat more protein and fat, they end up eating far fewer calories (1Trusted Source).
2. Low-Carb Diets Lead to More Weight Loss at First
Cutting carbs is one of the simplest and most effective ways to lose weight.
Studies illustrate that people on low-carb diets lose more weight, faster, than those on low-fat diets — even when the latter are actively restricting calories.
This is because low-carb diets act to rid excess water from your body, lowering insulin levels and leading to rapid weight loss in the first week or two (2Trusted Source, 3).
In studies comparing low-carb and low-fat diets, people restricting their carbs sometimes lose 2–3 times as much weight — without being hungry (4, 5).
One study in obese adults found a low-carb diet particularly effective for up to six months, compared to a conventional weight loss diet. After that, the difference in weight loss between diets was insignificant (6Trusted Source).
In a year-long study in 609 overweight adults on low-fat or low-carb diets, both groups lost similar amounts of weight (7Trusted Source).
3. A Greater Proportion of Fat Loss Comes From Your Abdominal Cavity
Not all fat in your body is the same.
Where fat is stored determines how it affects your health and risk of disease.
The two main types are subcutaneous fat, which is under your skin, and visceral fat, which accumulates in your abdominal cavity and is typical for most overweight men.
Visceral fat tends to lodge around your organs. Excess visceral fat is associated with inflammation and insulin resistance — and may drive the metabolic dysfunction so common in the West today (8Trusted Source).
Low-carb diets are very effective at reducing this harmful abdominal fat. In fact, a greater proportion of the fat people lose on low-carb diets seems to come from the abdominal cavity (9Trusted Source).
Over time, this should lead to a drastically reduced risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes.
4. Triglycerides Tend to Drop Drastically
Triglycerides are fat molecules that circulate in your bloodstream.
It is well known that high fasting triglycerides — levels in the blood after an overnight fast — are a strong heart disease risk factor (10Trusted Source).
One of the main drivers of elevated triglycerides in sedentary people is carb consumption — especially the simple sugar fructose (11Trusted Source, 12Trusted Source, 13Trusted Source).
When people cut carbs, they tend to experience a very dramatic reduction in blood triglycerides (14Trusted Source, 15Trusted Source).
On the other hand, low-fat diets often cause triglycerides to increase (16, 17Trusted Source).
5. Increased Levels of ‘Good’ HDL Cholesterol
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is often called the “good” cholesterol.
The higher your levels of HDL relative to “bad” LDL, the lower your risk of heart disease (18Trusted Source, 19Trusted Source, 20).
One of the best ways to increase “good” HDL levels is to eat fat — and low-carb diets include a lot of fat (21Trusted Source, 22Trusted Source, 23Trusted Source).
Therefore, it is unsurprising that HDL levels increase dramatically on healthy, low-carb diets, while they tend to increase only moderately or even decline on low-fat diets (24Trusted Source, 25Trusted Source).
6. Reduced Blood Sugar and Insulin Levels
Low-carb and ketogenic diets can also be particularly helpful for people with diabetes and insulin resistance, which affect millions of people worldwide (29, 30).
Studies prove that cutting carbs lowers both blood sugar and insulin levels drastically (31, 32Trusted Source).
Some people with diabetes who begin a low-carb diet may need to reduce their insulin dosage by 50% almost immediately (33).
In one study in people with type 2 diabetes, 95% had reduced or eliminated their glucose-lowering medication within six months (34Trusted Source).
7. May Lower Blood Pressure
Elevated blood pressure, or hypertension, is a significant risk factor for many diseases, including heart disease, stroke and kidney failure.
8. Effective Against Metabolic Syndrome
Metabolic syndrome is a condition highly associated with your risk of diabetes and heart disease.
In fact, metabolic syndrome is a collection of symptoms, which include:
- Abdominal obesity
- Elevated blood pressure
- Elevated fasting blood sugar levels
- High triglycerides
- Low “good” HDL cholesterol levels
However, a low-carb diet is incredibly effective in treating all five of these symptoms (36, 37Trusted Source).
Under such a diet, these conditions are nearly eliminated.
9. Improved ‘Bad’ LDL Cholesterol Levels
People who have high “bad” LDL are much more likely to have heart attacks (38Trusted Source, 39Trusted Source).
However, the size of the particles is important. Smaller particles are linked to a higher risk of heart disease, while larger particles are linked to a lower risk (40Trusted Source, 41Trusted Source, 42).
It turns out that low-carb diets increase the size of “bad” LDL particles while reducing the number of total LDL particles in your bloodstream (43Trusted Source).
As such, lowering your carb intake can boost your heart health.
10. Therapeutic for Several Brain Disorders
Your brain needs glucose, as some parts of it can only burn this type of sugar. That’s why your liver produces glucose from protein if you don’t eat any carbs.
Yet, a large part of your brain can also burn ketones, which are formed during starvation or when carb intake is very low.
This is the mechanism behind the ketogenic diet, which has been used for decades to treat epilepsy in children who don’t respond to drug treatment (44).
In many cases, this diet can cure children of epilepsy. In one study, over half of the children on a ketogenic diet experienced a greater than 50% reduction in their number of seizures, while 16% became seizure-free (45Trusted Source).
Very low-carb and ketogenic diets are now being studied for other brain conditions as well, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease (46Trusted Source).